Seliutina E.N. Holodov V.A Rimary education in the Russian empire in the post-reform period and the activities of zemstvos
DOI:10.22394/2225-8272-2022-11-4-84-92 EDN: VOMUPI
Keywords:
social policy, zemstvos, primary public schools, Russian EmpireAbstract
The purpose of the article is to review the activities of zemstvos in the implementation of state
social policy in the development of public education.
The reforms carried out by Emperor Alexander II in the second half of the XIX century caused the need for qualified labor, competent specialists in various fields of state and public life: military, industrial, cultural, scientific. Modernization of education required the speedy resolution of such issues as accessibility, mass education, cardinal improvement of the educational process, improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism of management of education as an element of state social policy.
As a result, the authors draw conclusions that zemstvos faced organizational and financial difficulties in the development of primary public education. The activities of zemstvos in the field of education were not of a systemic nature and were under strict state control. Only after amendments were made to the legislation and the expansion of the zemstvo powers for the development of education, it was possible to significantly increase the number of zemstvo schools, the number of students, including girls, and reduce the level of illiteracy of the population.
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