Participation of Russian periodicals in industrial mobilization during the First World War
EDN FYHKPH
Keywords:
World War I, industrial mobilisation campaign, newspaper materials, military-industrial committees, public opinion, private and state enterprisesAbstract
The aim of the study is to demonstrate how the specifics of the process of industrial mobilisation in the Russian Empire were reflected in the pages of the periodical press. The source material for the article was both pro-government and opposition periodicals, some materials of which were first introduced into the scientific turnover.
The process of industrial mobilisation was accompanied in all the warring countries by the adaptation of the economy to the conditions of war. In Germany it began under the control of the state already in the first days of the war, and in Russia the call for it sounded on the wave of military failures in May 1915. The discussion that unfolded in this regard was held with the active participation of the periodical press of different political orientation. The involvement of its content allowed us to look at the unfolding discussion from a new angle.
The author used a methodological framework represented by special general historical research methods: historical-genetic (retrospective) and problem-chronological. The first of them was used to identify the stages of the formation of "industrial mobilisation" in the Russian Empire and their reflection by the press, the second - to interpret the vision of the problems of this process by the authors of newspaper materials.
As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that Russian publications from the very beginning of the industrial mobilisation campaign were supporters of private initiative, welcomed the idea of creating military-industrial enterprises on the ground, while criticising the pace and results of this process. The persistence shown by the established military-industrial committees and the support given to them by the periodical press not only of the liberal but also of the conservative-right direction contributed to the growth of productivity not only of private but also of state enterprises, accelerated the restructuring of industry for the needs of the front.
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