Preparation of «the ideological front soldier»: from the history of the formation of journalistic education (1918-1991)
EDN EDUMMH
Keywords:
journalism education, Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU, Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the SED, higher party schools, ideological work in the USSR, mass mediaAbstract
The aim of the study was to identify the reasons and circumstances of the incorporation of journalism education into the system of party training of personnel. Journalism education has its own history, reflects the development of society and testifies to the relations between the authorities and civil society. In Russia, the training of reporters and editors as an institution for training personnel, important for the constitution of journalistic professions, originated at the beginning of the 20th century, in Soviet times it became the object of close attention of party bodies, and was introduced into the system of party schools. But even in universities, where departments and then faculties of journalism were opened after the war, this training always had a party character. To a large extent, this became the basis for the closure of some of the similar departments in party schools in the late 1970s. With the beginning of perestroika, party bodies intensified the ideological pumping of personnel, as evidenced by archival documents. The presentation of work in the media as an important ideological and propaganda activity left its mark on the development of Soviet society as a whole, on the domestic policy of the countries of the socialist commonwealth. This remains a problem to this day and testifies to the unfinished social process of segmentation.
To clarify these problems, the main methods for the author were historical and comparative. Thus, a comparison was made of the Soviet historical experience of the formation and development of journalism education in the USSR with the experience of the German Democratic Republic. In the GDR, there was only one section (faculty) of journalism - at the University of Leipzig, and at the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the SED, there was never a special department of mass media during the existence of the university in 1951-1990, which in no way relieved the editors-in-chief of newspapers, magazines, television and radio of party responsibility. They began to receive additional party education from the early 1980s.
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