Formation of Organizational and Legal Foundations in the Activities of the NKVD of the RSFSR and the Soviet Militia in 1921-1928
EDN AKFWLK
Keywords:
the NKVD of the RSFSR, workers' and peasants' militia, new economic policy (NEP), Central Administration, departmental militia, rural executiveAbstract
The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the formation of organizational and legal foundations in the activities of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR and the workers' and peasants' militia during the period of the new economic policy (1921-1928).
Methodology. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and a systematic approach. The basis includes the method of analysis, the use of historical-legal and comparative-historical methods for reconstruction of the process of normative registration of powers. The institutional approach was used for studying structural changes in the system of executive bodies. A critical review of departmental reports and correspondence provides an opportunity to identify the gap between legislative norms and their practical implementation on the ground.
Novelty. The article outlines the main trends in the development of the NKVD of the RSFSR and the workers' and peasants' militia in the context of the economic and political specifics of the NEP period. Special attention is paid to the following problems: chronic underfunding, staff shortages, blurring of competencies and the assignment of inefficient functions to the police. In addition the author analyzes the experience of introducing new institutions during this period, namely departmental police and rural police officers, which should be considered as an attempt to solve systemic problems. The attention is paid to the departmental rivalry and duplication of individual powers of the NKVD and state security agencies during the period under study.
Research perspectives. The possibility of further research is seen in the historical and legal analysis of the results of the organizational and legal transformations of the NKVD of the RSFSR and the workers' and Peasants' militia of the NEP period in comparison with modern models and areas of reform of internal affairs bodies in conditions of limited financial resources. In addition, the historical experience under study can be an important guideline in developing strategies for modernizing the Russian Interior Ministry system, allowing to consider both positive and negative consequences of the past.
Results. The conducted research allows us to assert that the organizational reforms of the internal affairs bodies during the NEP period were largely forced and were determined by the objective socio-economic features of the development of the young Soviet state. The identified systemic problems, such as residual financing and overburdening with inefficient functions, created prerequisites for a decrease in the effectiveness of internal affairs bodies and an increase in corruption crimes among military personnel.
References
Бойко, Ю. Н. Формирование и деятельность милиции Енисейской губернии в 1920–1925 гг. / Ю.Н. Бойко // IX Краеведческие чтения: Енисейская губерния: лица истории: сборник материалов, Красноярск, 01–02 декабря 2021 года. – Красноярск: ГУНБ Красноярского края, 2022. – С. 214–220. – EDN OWRACD.
Гранков, А. Г. Деятельность органов внутренних дел по борьбе с преступно-стью в годы нэпа / А.Г. Гранков // Инновации. Наука. Образование. – 2021. – № 37. – С. 665–668. – EDN YDKCXX.
Ерин, Д. А. Правотворческая деятельность ЦАУ НКВД РСФСР в сфере органи-зации и деятельности ведомственной милиции / Д.А. Ерин // Исторические, фило-софские, политические и юридические науки, культурология и искусствоведение. Вопросы теории и практики. – 2012. – № 3-1(17). – С. 76–78. – EDN OPLABN.
Жабский, В. А. Сравнительный анализ материального обеспечения совет-ской рабоче-крестьянской милиции и рабоче-крестьянской Красной Армии в годы Гражданской войны и НЭПа / В.А. Жабский, А.А. Шувалов // Вестник экономической безопасности. – 2022. – № 5. – С. 65–69. – DOI 10.24412/2414-3995-2022-5-65-69. – EDN QPLVLX.
Зверков, Е. А. Советская милиция эпохи НЭП: о преподавании истории ОВД в условиях повышенного внимания государства к истории Отечества / Е.А. Зверков // Россия в её прошлом и настоящем: актуальные проблемы гуманитарных наук в кон-тексте глобальных вызовов современности: Материалы национальной научно-практической конференции научно-педагогических работников и аспирантов в рамках Десятилетия науки и технологий, Воронеж, 20 ноября 2024 года. – Воронеж: Воронежский государственный аграрный университет им. Императора Петра I, 2024. – С. 40–45. – EDN AEVBDS.
Коськова, Н. В. Реализация демократических начал в организации и дея-тельности милиции в период нэпа / Н.В. Коськова // Преступность в СНГ: проблемы предупреждения и раскрытия преступлений: Сборник материалов Международной научно-практической конференции, Воронеж, 23 мая 2019 года. Том Часть 2. – Воро-неж: Воронежский институт МВД России, 2019. – С. 44–45. – EDN PHWLJR.
Кулачков, В. В. Сельские исполнители в период новой экономической поли-тики (историографический обзор) / В.В. Кулачков // Проблемы и тенденции разви-тия социокультурного пространства России: история и современность: Материалы X международной научно-практической конференции, Брянск, 19–20 мая 2023 года / под редакцией Т.И. Рябовой. – Брянск: Брянский государственный инженерно-технологический университет, 2023. – С. 37–41. – EDN GQMEBA.
Кучин, М. В. Институт сельского исполнителя в механизме охраны советско-го правопорядка (1924–1950 гг.) / М.В. Кучин // Теория государства и права. – 2024. – № 3-1(39). – С. 155–164. – DOI 10.25839/MATGIP_2024_3-1_39_155. – EDN CLDHFD.
Малкова, Ю. А. Выполнение несвойственных функций сотрудниками алтай-ской милиции в период нэпа (1921–1925 гг.) / Ю.А. Малкова, П.Д. Фризен // Вестник Барнаульского юридического института МВД России. – 2022. – № 1(42). – С. 190–191. – EDN PTWYGD.
Пестова, О. А. Особенности кадровой политики советской милиции в пери-од нэп / О.А. Пестова // Проблемы реформирования российской государственности: Материалы XIII Всероссийской конференции студентов и молодых ученых, Екате-ринбург, 13–14 декабря 2018 года. – Екатеринбург: УМЦ УПИ, 2018. – С. 505–508. – EDN ZPLHYB.
Рагунштейн, А. Г. Институт сельских исполнителей в СССР в 1924–1972 гг. / А.Г. Рагунштейн // История, теория, практика российского права. – 2019. – № 12. – С. 145–157. – EDN HVQIJR.
Ролдугин, Е. А. Социально-экономические и политические предпосылки реорганизации милиции в структуре НКВД РСФСР (1921 г. – нач. 1930-х гг.) / Е.А. Ролдугин // Вестник науки. – 2022. – Т. 4, № 11(56). – С. 190–195. – EDN UYQTTD.
Сатюков, А. Г. Институт сельских исполнителей как исторический опыт привлечения к участию в охране общественного порядка жителей российской де-ревни / А.Г. Сатюков // Аграрное и земельное право. – 2022. – № 9(213). – С. 13–16. – DOI 10.47643/1815-1329_2022_9_13. – EDN PIINLN.
Соловьев, В. В. Становление и развитие органов НКВД РСФСР как субъектов расследования преступлений (1917–1924 гг.) / В.В. Соловьев // Научные исследова-ния: от теории к практике. – 2015. – Т. 2, № 4(5). – С. 269–274. – EDN UZKBDZ.
Чамлай, В. В. Особенности организационной работы НКВД в условиях вы-бора курса НЭП в СССР / В.В. Чамлай // История, теория, практика российского права. – 2019. – № 12. – С. 116–125. – EDN XUMOSE.
Федоренко, С. А. Борьба с преступностью и охрана общественного порядка в Кубано-Черноморье (1920–1928 гг.) / С.А. Федоренко // Вестник Чувашского уни-верситета. – 2010. – № 1. – С. 78–90.
Boyko, Yu.N. (2021) Formation and Activities of the Yenisei Province Militia in 1920–1925. IX Local History Readings: Yenisei province: faces of history: collection of ma-terials, Krasnoyarsk, December 1–2. Krasnoyarsk: State University of Scientific Libraries of Krasnoyarsk Krai, 2022. pp. 214–220. (In Russ.) EDN OWRACD.
Grankov, A.G. (2021) Activities of Internal Affairs Bodies in Combating Crime dur-ing the NEP Years. Innovations. Science. Education. no. 37. pp. 665–668. (In Russ.) EDN YDKCXX.
Erin, D.A. (2012) Law-making Activity of the Central Administrative Department of the NKVD of People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (PCIA) of the RSFSR in Departmental Militia Activity Organization. Historical, Philosophical, Political and Legal Sciences, Cultural Studies and Art Criticism. Questions of Theory and Practice. no. 3-1 (17). pp. 76-78. (In Russ.) EDN OPLABN.
Zhabsky, V.A. (2022) Comparative Analysis of the Material Support of the Soviet Workers' and Peasants' Militia and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army during the Civil War and the NEP. Bulletin of Economic Security. no. 5. pp. 65-69. DOI 10.24412/2414-3995-2022-5-65-69. (In Russ.) EDNEDN QPLVLX.
Zverkov, E.A. (2024) The Soviet Militia of the NEP Era: on Teaching the History of the Department of Internal Affairs in Conditions of the Increased State Attention to the His-tory of the Fatherland. Russia in Its Past and Present: Current Issues in the Humanities in the Context of Global Challenges of Our Time: Proceedings of the National Scientific and Practical Conference of Research and Teaching Staff and Postgraduate Students within the Framework of the Decade of Science and Technology. Voronezh: Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I. pp. 40–45. (In Russ.) EDN AEVBDS.
Koskova, N.V. (2019) Implementation of Democratic Principles in the Organization and Activities of the Militia during the NEP Period. Crime in the CIS: Problems of Crime Pre-vention and Detection: Collection of Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Voronezh, May 23, 2019. Volume Part 2. Voronezh: Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. p. 44-45. (In Russ.) EDN PHWLJR.
Kulachkov, V.V. (2023) Rural Performers in the Period the New Economic Policy (Historiographical Review). Problems and Trends in the Development of the Socio-Cultural Space of Russia: History and Modernity: Materials of the X International Scientific and Prac-tical Conference, Bryansk, May 19-20, 2023. Edited by T.I. Ryabova. Bryansk: Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology. pp. 37-41. (In Russ.) EDN GQMEBA.
Kuchin, M.V. (2024) The Institute of Rural Executive in the Mechanism Guardians of the Soviet Law and Order (1924–1950). Theory of State and Law. no. 3-1(39). p. 155–164. DOI 10.25839/MATGIP_2024_3-1_39_155. (In Russ.) EDN CLDHFD.
Malkova, Yu.A. and Phrizen, P.D. (2022) Performance of Uncharacteristic Functions by Employees of the Altai Militia during the NEP Period (1921–1925), Bulletin of the Barna-ul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. no. 1(42). pp. 190–191. (In Russ.) EDN PTWYGD.
Pestova, O.A. (2018) Features of the Personnel Policy of the Soviet Militia during the New Economic Policy. Problems of reforming Russian statehood: Proceedings of the XIII All-Russian Conference of Students and Young Scientists, Ekaterinburg, December 13–14, 2018. Ekaterinburg: UMC UPI. pp. 505–508. (In Russ.) EDN ZPLHYB.
Ragunshtein, A.G. (2019) The Institute of Rural Bailiffs in the USSR in 1924–1972. History, Theory, Practice of Russian Law. no. 12. pp. 145–157. (In Russ.) EDN HVQIJR.
Roldugin, E.A. (2022) Socio-economic and Political Prerequisites for the Reorgan-ization of Soviet Police (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) of Russian Socialist Sovi-et Republic (1921 - 1930s). Vestnik nauki. Vol. 4, no. 11 (56). pp. 190–195. (In Russ.) EDN UYQTTD.
Satyukov, A.G. (2022) The Institute of Rural Performers as a Historical Experience of Involvement in the Protection of Public Order Residents of the Russian Village. Agrarian and Land Law. no. 9 (213). pp. 13–16. DOI 10.47643/1815-1329_2022_9_13. (In Russ.) EDN PIINLN.
Soloviev, V.V. (2015) Formation and Development of the NKVD bodies of the RSFSR as Subjects of Crime Investigation (1917-1924). Scientific research: from theory to practice. Vol. 2, no. 4(5). p. 269-274. (In Russ.) EDN UZKBDZ.
Chamlay, V.V. (2019) The Features of the Organizational Work of the NKVD in the Conditions of choice of the NEP Course in the USSR. History, Theory, Practice of Russian Law. no. 12. pp. 116-125. (In Russ.) EDN XUMOSE.
Fedorenko, S.A. (2010) Struggle against Criminality and Public Order Protection in Kubano-Black Sea Coast (1920-1928). Bulletin of the Chuvash University. no. 1. pp. 78-90. (In Russ.).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Vykhodov Alexander Alexandrovich
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
