Isaev Alexey V. Nikitin Eugene V Activities of the political department of the 4th guards tank corps to support offensive operations (january-february 1945)
DOI:10.22394/2225-8272-2024-13-3-111-122 EDN: FNOQJO
Keywords:
4th Guards Tank Corps, offensive operation, political department, 1st Ukrainian Front, SandomierzAbstract
The purpose of the study is to reveal, on the basis of archival documents, the forms and methods of party-political work in units of the 4th Guards Tank Corps in the period from January to February 1945.
In their studies, historians focus on the combat path of the 4th (17th) Guards Tank Corps, determine its important role in the liberation of Kantemirovka, Voronezh region in 1942-1943. At the same time, there are not many scientific works that show the further advancement of the Corps and the party-political work carried out in it.
The methodology of the research includes the analysis of archival documents (TsAMO fund 3402 - 4th Guards Tank Corps). Working with archival materials from the war years involves several key stages (identification of materials, assessment of their quality and reliability, analysis and interpretation of data) and principles: historicism, complexity and reliability. When working with sources, the emphasis was on the time frame of the topic being studied. This approach is based on the critical method in assessing the reliability of the data being studied.
The political department played an important role in maintaining the morale and political conscious-ness of the personnel. The object of the study is to explore the features of the organization of the work of the political department, as well as party and Komsomol organizations, using the example of the 4th Guards Tank Corps in the period from January to February 1945.
The result of the study is the definition of the main forms and methods of work of the Political
Department of the 4th SCC.
The main ones among them were the creation of party schools, the formation of company party organizations and the selection of communists and Komsomol members, mentors. Active work was carried out with the party personnel, acquaintance of new recruits with the heroism of the guardsmen and the history of the unit. In addition, there were organized comradely matches with order bearers. There was training in reading the oath of the Kantemirovsky guardsmen in front of the formation and a general transfer of combat experience. As group events, there were held party meetings and rallies, the exploits of fighters and officers were popularized through "lightning leaflets", the active functioning of the corps newspaper "On Storming the Enemy" was practiced, the work was organized to implement the growth of party ranks. Before the battles, the party political apparatus of the Corps had the task of ensuring a high offensive impulse of personnel, the successful solution of combat missions. In each tank crew, calculation, section there were communists or Komsomol members who ensured the implementation of party-political work in the units, by personal example inspired personnel into battle.
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