Fedotov Sergey P. Nekhaeva Darya State statistics of the USSR in 1930–1950–xx years
DOI:10.22394/2225-8272-2024-13-3-148-160 EDN: HKWETN
Keywords:
USSR, state statistics, Gosplan, the Central Statistical Office, state census, he Great Patriotic WarAbstract
The purpose of the study is related to the definition of the peculiarities of functioning of state statistical agencies in the USSR during the period 1930-1950-th. At that time in the USSR the planned system was established in the economy. At the turn of 1920-1930-th there began the implementation of collectivization in agriculture. Then the process of industrialization began in the sphere of industry. Bodies of state statistics at that time were reorganized. In the early 1930s, the statistical authorities came under the department of Gosplan of the USSR and became a part of the system of planned economy.
As a result of the use of archival data, the features of the functioning of state statistical bodies in the USSR in the conditions of a planned economy during the 1930s and 1950s were determined. Statistical agencies, regardless of the reorganized names, performed an important function of providing the government of the USSR with the necessary data on the state of the population and economy. In this regard, it is important to determine the results of the work of statistical agencies in the context of major transformations in the USSR, during the Great Patriotic War and in the post-war period.
During the preparation of the materials of the article, the historical and genetic method was used in determining the object and subject of the study. The source method was used to work with the basis of available sources and literature on the topic of the study. The historical-comparative method was used in carrying out the comparative functionality of statistical bodies in previous eras. When working with Internet resources and online databases of sources, methods of historical informatics were applied.
The conducted research allowed to reveal how the process of change in the organization of the work of statistical agencies in the conditions of the formation of a new economic system in the USSR took place. It was noted that in the period specified in the article the interaction of statistical authorities and Gosplan of the USSR was important. Such interaction had a negative impact on the quality of realization of some statistical activities. However, statistical bodies fulfilled their mission in the conditions of planning the development of economy of the USSR.
On the basis of the research it is possible in the future to work on the peculiarities of functioning of statistical bodies in the era of the first five-year plan. It is possible in the future to carry out work on definition of functions and results of job of statistical bodies in the period of restoration of the destroyed economy of the USSR after the Great Patriotic War.
As a result of the research it was determined that the functions and organization of the work of state statistics in the USSR in the period of 1930-1950th were formed in the conditions of command-planned economy. The statistical bodies were entrusted with the functions of providing the necessary data to the government for the implementation of major projects - collectivization and industrialization. Belonging of statistics to the Gosplan of the USSR had a negative impact on the quality of some statistical works. However, in general statisticians fulfilled the job entrusted to them in the period specified in the article
References
Гретченко, А. И. С. Г. Струмилин – основоположник государственного планирования /
А. И. Гретченко, А. А. Гретченко // Вестник Самарского государственного экономического уни-верситета. – 2022. – № 10 (216). – С. 17–29. – DOI 10.46554/1993-0453-2022-10-216-17-29. – EDN RAYRLQ.
Ильиных, В. А. Сельскохозяйственная статистика в Сибири (1920–1930-е гг.) / В. А. Ильиных. – Новосибирск: Сибирское отделение РАН, 2022. – 202 с. – ISBN 978-5-6047824-5-3. – DOI 10.53954/9785604782453. – EDN SVANBQ.
Ильиных, В. А. Сельскохозяйственные переписи в Сибири в 1920-е годы: организация, методы обработки / В. А. Ильиных // Исторический курьер. – 2022. – № 4 (24). – С. 99–110. – DOI 10.31518/2618-9100-2022-4-9. – EDN WLWNQB.
Исупов, В. А. Численность населения СССР в 1930-е гг.: загадки демографической ис-тории / В. А. Исупов // ЭКО. – 2020. – № 2 (548). – С. 172–192. – DOI 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2020-2-172-192. – EDN VSFAGM.
Нехаев, В. В. Статистическое обеспечение деятельности руководства страны в годы Великой Отечественной войны / В. В. Нехаев, Т. Г. Нехаева // Вопросы статистики. – 2021. – Т. 28, № 3. – С. 104–109. – DOI 10.34023/2313-6383-2021-28-3-104-109. – EDN AQWOIG.
Приборович, А. А. Материалы государственной статистики БССР 1919–1939 гг.: про-блема достоверности источника / А. А. Приборович // Вестник Полесского государственного университета. Серия общественных и гуманитарных наук. – 2020. – № 1. – С. 3–11. – EDN OHCOTX.
Приборович, А. А. Перепись городского населения БССР 1923 года: поиск, состояние и состав архивных документов / А. А. Приборович // Архив в социуме – социум в архиве: Мате-риалы Четвертой Всероссийской научно-практической конференции, Челябинск, 22–23 сен-тября 2021 года / Сост., науч. редактор Н.А. Антипин. – Челябинск: [б.и.], 2021. – С. 218–221. – EDN CFTLCS.
Симонов, М. А. Роль госпланов СССР и РСФСР в первые месяцы совнархозной ре-формы / М. А. Симонов // Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук. Исторические науки. – 2022. – Т. 4, № 3 (15). – С. 33–43. – DOI 10.37313/2658-4816-2022-4-3-33-43. – EDN KZHLXE.
Соколова, Ж. В. История крымских государственных статистических органов в архив-ных документах в послевоенный период / Ж. В. Соколова, А. М. Попова // Научный вестник Крыма. – 2021. – № 5 (34). – EDN GKCJMF.
Фельдман, М. А. «Прения должны быть гильотинированы»: съезды советов госпла-нов СССР и проблема выбора пути развития / М. А. Фельдман // Российская история. – 2020. –
№ 5. – С. 108–123. – DOI 10.31857/S086956870012190-0. – EDN CSVMNZ.
Черепенина, Н. Ю. Статистика СССР и Ленинграда в годы Великой Отечественной войны / Н. Ю. Черепенина, А. Л. Дмитриев // Вопросы статистики. – 2020. – Т. 27, № 3. – С. 104–116. – DOI 10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-3-104-116. – EDN BTLQHV.
Щербакова, Т.И. Экономическая модель постсталинского СССР и ее результаты / Т. И. Щербакова // Экономическая история. – 2022. – Т. 18, № 1 (56). – С. 45–54. – EDN YZSQIW.
Gretchenko, A. I. (2022) S. G. Strumilin - the founder of state planning. Bulletin of Samara State University of Economics. Vol. 10(216). P. 17-29. DOI 10.46554/1993-0453-2022-10-216-17-29. (In Russ.).
Ilyinykh, V. A. (2022) Agricultural statistics in Siberia (1920-1930s). Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. DOI 10.53954/9785604782453. (In Russ.).
Ilyinykh, V. A. (2022) Agricultural censuses in Siberia in the 1920s: organization, processing. Historical Courier. Vol. 4(24). P. 99-110. DOI 10.31518/2618-9100-2022-4-9. (In Russ.).
Isupov, V. A. (2020) Population of the USSR in the 1930s: the riddles of demographic history. EKO. Vol. 2(548). P. 172-192. DOI 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2020-2-172-192. (In Russ.).
Nekhaev, V. V. (2021) Statistical support of the activities of the country's leadership during the Great Patriotic War. Voprosy statistiki. Vol. 3. P. 104-109. DOI 10.34023/2313-6383-2021-28-3-104-109. (In Russ.).
Priborovich, A. A. (2020) A. Materials of the state statistics of the BSSR 1919 - 1939: the prob-lem of source reliability. Vestnik of the Polessky State University. Vol.1. P. 3-11. (In Russ.).
Priborovich, A. A. (2021) A. Census of the urban population of the BSSR in 1923: search, state and composition of archival documents. Archive in society – society in the archive: Proceedings of the Fourth All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. P. 218-221. (In Russ.).
Simonov, M. A. (2022) The role of the USSR and RSFSR gosplans in the first months of the sovnarkhoz reform. Izvestia Samara Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Histori-cal Sciences. Vol. 3(15). P.33-43. DOI 10.37313/2658-4816-2022-4-3-3-33-43. (In Russ.).
Sokolova, J. V. (2021) History of Crimean state statistical bodies in archival documents in the post-war period. Scientific Bulletin of Crimea. Vol. 5(34). (In Russ.).
Feldman, M. A. (2020) ‘The debate must be guillotined’: Congresses of the USSR Gosplan Councils and the problem of choosing the path of development. Russian History. Vol. 5. P. 108-123. DOI 10.31857/S086956870012190-0. (In Russ.).
Cherepenina, N. Y. (2020) Statistics of the USSR and Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War. Voprosy statistiki. Vol. 3. P. 104–116. DOI 10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-3-3-104-116. (In Russ.).
Scherbakova, T. I. (2022) Economic model of the post-Stalin USSR and its results. Economic History. Vol. 1(56). P. 45-54. (In Russ.).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fedotov Sergey P. Nekhaeva Darya V.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
